Russ Harvey Consulting - Computer and Internet Services

Fix Canadian News

Restore news independence

Fix Canadian News | The CRTC | Bill C-11: Online Streaming Act | Bill C-18: Online News Act | CanCon

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White tablet computer on top of a newspaper.

It's no wonder trust in the media is crumbling — 68% of Canadians have little to no faith in the news they consume, while only 10% say they fully trust it. How did it get this bad? A mix of bad ingredients:
  • Local news outlets disappearing. A profit-hungry ad model has crushed independent journalism. Since 2008, over 500 local news outlets have shut down, leaving 351 communities across Canada without local reporting. Entire regions have become "news deserts", where critical stories affecting people's lives go untold.
  • Corporate consolidation. Big corporations like Postmedia, which owns over 100 Canadian newspapers, control most of the narrative. Meanwhile, their deep ties to U.S. hedge funds raises big questions about foreign influence over our news. As Canada's traditional alliances are faltering, this consolidation can lead to opinions and editorial decisions that may not align with Canadian values and interests.
  • Algorithm-driven platforms. Around 80% of Canadians get their news online, but social media feeds us what keeps us scrolling, not what keeps us informed. Over time, misinformation, polarization, and foreign narratives have quietly replaced reporting with diverse perspectives, subtly reshaping public opinion and ratcheting up the temperature of our politics.
We need news that informs, not divides.
Open Media

 

Fix Canadian News

Canadian media was failing to transition from the profitable news market that existed before the Internet. Canadian news was going broke. The government's answer? To heavily subsidize Canadian news using Bill C-11 and Bill C-18 to fund it.

Bill C-11 & C-18 Unfair and Poorly Executed

Bill C-11 and Bill C-18 were poorly executed attempts at government control of the Internet that failed to fix the issues which they claimed to address.

In less than two months, the government has reshaped the Internet in Canada with Bills C-11 and C-18 leading to streaming services that may block Canadian users and platforms that may block news sharing. The result is a cautionary tale for Internet regulation initiatives with Canada emerging as a model for how things can go badly wrong.
Michael Geist

Not only did Bill C-18 fail to protect local news, but Canadian news has all but disappeared from social media while most of the promised funding has dried up. Now we're seeing massive layoffs.

News Now Harder to Discover in Canada

The attack on these social media giants threatened the discoverability of Canadian news by making it dependent upon foreign media giants.

Earlier this year, the Trudeau Government — supported by the NDP and Bloc Quebecois — passed a bill known as C-18, which aimed to coerce social media companies, specifically Facebook and Google, to pay “government accredited media” every time one of their links was shared on the social media platforms.

 

[T]his is nothing more than an attempted government shakedown of tech companies to reward their favourite media outlets — who already remain almost universally dependent on government financing.

 

News and media companies PROFIT from the free advertising generated from social media platforms like Facebook. They use these platforms (at no cost) to distribute links to their content that directs back to their websites where they sell advertising and subscription services.

 

To then attempt to receive coerced payment for that free advertising is the height of arrogance and hubris that has rightly blown up in their face (and the government's).
Aaron Gunn August 10, 2023

Instead of admitting defeat, the Liberal government directly funded Canada's big media companies, effectively destroying any hint of investigative journalism as well as Canadians' trust in either the government or the media.

According to a 2023 report from the Reuters Institute at the University of Oxford, overall trust in the media among the Canadian population fell from 55 percent in 2016 to 40 percent. Among English-speaking Canadians, only 37 percent now say they trust the media.

 

The decline in trust comes at a time when the Trudeau government is increasingly intervening to support major private firms in the Canadian media landscape like The Globe and Mail, the Toronto Star, and Postmedia. These measures include subsidies supporting the payrolls of qualified private news media, mandating Google to pay $100 million annually to support the journalism industry, and a tax credit for news subscriptions. At this point, some estimates suggest that there could soon be as much as a 50 percent subsidy on journalist salaries up to $85,000 per year.
The Hub 2024

The Fallout of Subsidies

The decision to heavily subsidize Canadian media seriously jeopardized small independents by requiring them to provide funding but denying them access.

The mainstream media — CBC, CTV, Globe & Mail — have failed to hold the Liberal government to account, choosing instead to attack the Conservative Party in general and Poilievre in particular. Instead of examining legislation from the lens of whether it is good for Canada, they've chosen to view it from whether it is good for the Liberal Party. This media can no longer be trusted.

The fear of losing funding jeopardizes the journalist's ability to hold government to account. Mainstream Canadian media is no longer exploring or reporting on alternative viewpoints. Instead, Canada's major news sources could now be mistaken for those from dictatorships like Russia or China.

Let's be crystal clear: this government wants to control the internet — and, by extension, control what you read, see, and think online. Their mainstream media mouthpieces are no longer the dominant force they once were, and they know it.

 

And every time they dip their incompetent fingers into the digital pie, they botch it. It's a pattern of failure, a comedy of errors, except there's nothing funny about the stakes here.
Dan Knight

Mainstream Media's Bias Scoreboard

Viewers watching TV news (primarily “the boomers”) were affected by this heavy Liberal media bias during the election with the top three offenders being:

  • The Globe and Mail: Carney +9, Poilievre -15
  • CBC News: Carney +5, Poilievre -11
  • CTV News: Carney +3, Poilievre -9
  • Juno News

Rather we see “soft” interviews (where they've provided the interview questions to the Liberals in advance) while failing to do the same for the opposition. They frequently present an unflattering view of Poilievre (“he's always attacking the government”) as if it wasn't the job of the opposition to hold the government to account.

Joe Rogan Provides a Balanced View

Compare that to the Joe Rogan interview with Poilievre — a much more balanced look which portrays Poilievre as the Canadian statesman he is on the most watched American podcast. Clearly, MSM has not served Canadians well.

Now it is only independents like Rebel News and Juno News that ask the critical questions that allow viewers to judge the success or failure of government policies.

Fix Canadian Media

Fix Canadian Media -- News that informsl not divides!

 

News that informs, not divides.

Do you ever feel like the news is just exhausting — endless shouting matches or, worse, something you can't trust at all? That's a sign that Canada's news landscape is broken — and it's time we fix it!

We need news that informs, not divides. But local news outlets are vanishing, while algorithm-driven platforms control the narratives we see to maximize their profits and clicks.

Our media system is failing the people it's meant to serve. It's time to rebuild a diverse, strong, and local media ecosystem — one that delivers independent and trustworthy reporting from a range of perspectives.

or Tell Canada's leaders to take action and fix Canadian media NOW!

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Fix The CRTC

Changes in how the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) is managing Canadian news has affected our choice of content.

The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) was created in 1968 to regulate Canada's emerging radio and television technologies. Originally, its mandate was narrow: administer radio and TV broadcasting licenses, and promote a distinct national culture by ensuring that at least 30 percent of content was "Canadian."

 

Over time, the CRTC's mandate expanded to telecommunications; phone companies within federal jurisdiction were added in 1975, and cable pricing and channel priorities in the 1980s.

 

Bill C-11 (Online Streaming Act, 2023) brought streaming services (e.g., Netflix, Spotify, YouTube — including individual YouTubers and musicians) under CRTC regulation, allowing it to manipulate algorithms to make the government's preferred content more "discoverable." These powers allow the government to secretly control the reach of published content and Canadians' access to it, making the CRTC an ideal institution for promoting government priorities and effectively censoring undesired views.

 

Then, Bill C-18 (Online News Act, 2023), brought the news industry under CRTC regulation, with the stated goal of supporting Canadian news businesses by having intermediaries (e.g., Google and Meta's Facebook and Instagram) pay news outlets for links. In response, Meta banned links to Canadian news, resulting in substantial readership and revenue losses for the news industry, with small independent publishers hit especially hard. Further, while Google agreed to a $100 million annual payout, the government determines who qualifies — based on the "Canadian-ness" and "true journalism" of content — effectively picking its winners and losers.

 

As a consequence, the government now has longer levers to shape the national conversation in real time. It has turned the CRTC into a gatekeeper who decides which ideas, creators, and stories get amplified, or quietly suppressed — not by banning them outright, but by making them harder to find. It does not trust Canadians to choose for themselves what they watch or listen to.
Justice Centre

Bill C-11 Increased CRTC Authority

Bill C-11 gave the CRTC authority to:
  • Dictate how and where your content appears on digital platforms.
  • Affect your discoverability by artificially promoting some creators over others. Viewers may be pushed to watch content they aren't interested in, resulting in more skips and thumbs down, which would impact how your content is exported to global audiences, lowering viewership and revenue.
  • Apply complex “CanCon” rules that require you to prove your content is “Canadian” enough. This is easy for large Canadian media companies with teams who have been following these rules for decades, and makes it harder for smaller creators to benefit from any financial or promotional gain.
  • Push your content down in feeds if it doesn't meet CanCon requirements.
  • Regulate the length and type of advertising on your channel, which could mean less money in your pocket.
  • — Digital First Canada
Bill C-11 does not contain specific thresholds or guidance. In other words, the entire audio-visual world is fair game and it will be up to the CRTC to decide whether to exempt some services from regulation.
Michael Geist

The CRTC is an unsuitable body for such authority; more so since it listens only to big media.

Fixing the CRTC would probably require legislation banning or severely restricting the big media companies from influencing the decisions made by the CRTC. A government in love with control is unlikely to ever create such laws.

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Bill C-11: Online Streaming Act

Bill C-11: An Act to amend the Broadcasting Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other Acts.

An Act to promote the efficiency and adaptability of the Canadian economy by regulating certain activities that discourage reliance on electronic means of carrying out commercial activities, and to amend the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission Act, the Competition Act, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act and the Telecommunications Act.
Parliament of Canada

Bill C-11 became law on April 27, 2023 without key amendments that would protect your posts and feeds from being regulated by the CRTC.

On April 27, 2023, Bill C-11 passed the Senate, as fundamentally broken as it was when it first left the House. Despite opposition from over 100,000 Canadians, the bill was passed without crucial amendments that would have protected user-generated content and online choices.
OpenMedia

C-11 Controls What You Watch

The government told Canadians that it wanted to grab control back from big foreign Internet companies. Instead, Bill C-11 gives that control to the CRTC.

Bill C-11 will meddle with Canadians' ability to pick their own content and content creators' business, in the name of "protecting the economic interests of a niche of Canada's music and video industries," according to the Canadian arm of the Internet Society.

 

In a scathing submission, the non-profit group argues that "Bill C-11 seeks to turn the Internet into a mere extension of the Canadian broadcasting system — a dying artifact of 20th Century technologies."
The Globe and Mail

The unfair CanCon rules will be applied to the Internet and allow the industry-friendly CRTC to determine what Canadians see and hear, removing choice for consumers.

The CRTC still can ask platforms for an end result, meaning it will still be in the business of picking winners who get promoted and losers whose content is downranked and hidden on online feeds.

 

Unless and until CanCon definitions are thoroughly revised, this will mean upvoting the narrow range of legacy media content to the top of our feeds over other content we actually like.
OpenMedia

This will have an adverse affect on Canadian content worldwide, ignoring or imperiling international copyright and other agreements.

Our Freedom of Choice Denied

We should be deciding what we watch and listen to online, not our government.

First, after assuring Canadians for months that the bill did not regulate user content or that algorithmic regulations were excluded, the draft policy direction confirms that this was false.

 

Second, many of the policies are still wide open.
Michael Geist
While protection of our feeds and content in the law would have been better than a revocable policy direction, some protection is much better than no protection at all.
OpenMedia

Bill C-11 Ignores the Nature of the Internet

Bill C-11 seeks to mandate changes to streaming platforms' algorithms so that specific Canadian content rises to the top of our feeds.

Fixed timetables can NEVER compete with the ability to choose your program and its viewing time nor allow bing-watching of a series (with the exception of promotional periods when specialty channels run large blocks of one program to entice guest users to purchase the channel).

Bill C-11 ignores the fact that, unlike cable TV, everyone could simultaneously watch different content on an open Internet. Instead, it chose to censor the Internet.

CanCon Imposed on the Internet

Bill C-11 legislated that the CRTC would rule over what online material counts as “official” Canadian Content (widely referred to as CanCon) on almost all online services.

Unfortunately, the only beneficiaries of Bill C-11 are going to the big Canadian media companies (Bell, Rogers and Telus) that already get the lion's share of CanCon money. This legislation ignores current and historic contributions by Netflix and other online streaming options.

Under Bill C-11, streaming companies like Netflix will also be forced to pay to produce CanCon — but will be ineligible to receive funding from the Canadian Media Fund, even when producing Canadian content.

 

Result? A direct money transfer from streaming platforms Canadians like, to legacy broadcast services we increasingly don't.
OpenMedia

Small Creators Threatened

The testimony of those opposed to Bill C-11 (mostly smaller content creators) was shamefully ignored and worse, discarded as invalid:

But the government went beyond just ignoring witness testimony yesterday in the House of Commons. It now claims those views constitute “misinformation.”
Michael Geist

Many of these small creators have carved out a niche in international markets over the last few years, markets that Bill C-11 will destroy.

Bill C-11 trades prioritizing Canadian content for a market of 38 million people for de-prioritizing that same content for a global market that runs into the billions of viewers.
Michael Geist

Small YouTube and other social media creators could be forced to contribute to CanCon yet prevent them from benefiting financially. They may have to move out of Canada to retain the viability of their businesses.

 

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Bill C-18: Online News Act

Bill C-18: An Act respecting online communications platforms that make news content available to persons in Canada received royal assent on June 22, 2023 without any major cleanup, permanently compromising the independence and diversity of Canadian news. It led to the cancellation of all existing funding agreements with Canadian news organizations.

Bill C-18 purports to address a real crisis — the drying up of advertising funding that previously supported news organizations in the 20th century. Unfortunately, Bill C-18 misunderstands that crisis, misdiagnosing why news advertising revenue has collapsed, and who is at fault for it.
OpenMedia

The government spread misinformation, stating that social media companies like Facebook and Google are “stealing Canadian news.” That is not true.

Google doesn't "use" news content — we link you to it, just like we link you to every other page on the web.
Google blog
Trudeau and his allies tried to frame this as a move to “save Canadian journalism,” when in reality, it was just another corporate welfare scheme for failing legacy media outlets that can't survive without government handouts.
Dan Knight

Bill C-18 a Disaster for Canadian News

Bill C-18 has been a disaster for Canadian news, resulting in 24% less national news engagement online and a staggering 58% drop for local news! It doesn't help when a link from social media lands on a news article that requires you to log in or be a subscriber since it degrades the usefulness of forwarding linking posts.

News outlets relied on social media to drive traffic to their websites. By forcing Meta's hand, Trudeau effectively cut off a major traffic source for the very media companies he claimed to be helping. According to the Media Ecosystem Observatory, engagement with Canadian news outlets plummeted by 85% on Facebook and Instagram. That's an estimated 11 million fewer daily views — a devastating blow to an industry already on life support.

 

The Liberals pretended that Big Tech was the enemy, but the real victims of Bill C-18 weren't the tech companies — it was the Canadian media outlets who suddenly lost their audience. Small, independent newsrooms — already struggling to compete with taxpayer-funded giants like the CBC — saw their reach collapse overnight. And while Trudeau patted himself on the back for “standing up” to Meta, actual journalists lost their jobs.
Dan Knight

Local news all but perished in the process. Bill C-18 is mainly affecting the small independent news services that have managed to make the transition to digital services. For example, the Halifax Examiner which depends upon social media for most of its new subscribers, has been affected by this legislation.

Rather than increasing local content, our news coverage has become more centralized. Bell began to centralize news services (closing regional news centres) even before Bill C-18 passed:

[Bell Canada is] moving to a single newsroom approach across brands, allowing for greater collaboration and efficiency.

 

It's a consolidation of news gathering, news delivery. We are combining the news production function in a horizontal way so that you have one common platform that is serving news to the relevant outlet from one management team.
— Richard Gray

The government reacted by directly providing the funding promised by Bill C-18. This did nothing to protect local news, but resulted in the end of independent journalism. Effectively, the Liberals purchased the already mostly-liberal voice of Canadian media beyond the CBC. Canada now joins countries with state-controlled media like China and Russia.

This isn't just about lost clicks or revenue; it's about protecting our democracy.

 

Access to factual, non-partisan, quality journalism is crucial for holding governments accountable and empowering citizens to make informed decisions. Without it, misinformation flourishes, our conversations polarize and fall apart, and Canadians suffer.
— OpenMedia

Michael Geist's Unbiased Coverage

Michael Geist, law professor at the University of Ottawa, has extensive and unbiased coverage on Bill C-18.

The end result — at least for now — is a legislative mess that leaves no clear winners with Meta downgrading its platforms in Canada, Canadians cut off from their ability to share news on popular social media platforms, Canadian news outlets losing their second most important source of referral traffic, and the government looking to have made an epic miscalculation for having ignored the risks it created by establishing a mandating payments for links system with uncapped liability for the Internet companies.
Michael Geist

What social media companies like Google and Facebook have been doing is providing links back to the news sources (i.e., the news outlets themselves). This is how the Internet works. By monetizing these links, Bill C-18 has broken consumer access to news stories on the Internet via social media.

The main beneficiaries of these links were the news organizations themselves. These businesses post links in social media because it draws traffic to their site.

Today, producers of quality news want everyone who cares about their story to click through to their site and read all about it. That open flow of quality journalism has created the relatively robust online information system we use today.
OpenMedia

Why News Media Monopoly Profits Are Gone

Before the Internet news media outlets had a monopoly on advertising and charged accordingly. Then the Internet provided free and widespread access to information including free advertising sites like Craigslist, Kijiji and Used.ca.

Prior to these services I used to pay a month's rent to run a two-week classified advertisement less than two column inches in the local newspaper to attract tenants for my three-bedroom suite — a month's income for an ad running half that long. Vacancies between tenants were common at that time because vacancy rates weren't as tight as today's market.

Those local newspaper monopoly profits are gone forever, replaced with unlimited opportunities to advertise online for free. Governments should not be propping up businesses whose market has collapsed because of technology — especially for former monopolies that profited handsomely from a closed system.

It is true that the internet broke the business model for newspapers.

 

Newspapers had been financially healthy for decades, but when the internet came along, the landscape shifted under their feet. Sellers could now advertise on Craigslist, or put their products on eBay or Amazon, or build their own sites and market directly to consumers. That meant fewer dollars got spent on traditional advertising.

 

This development has been financially catastrophic for the news industry. In Canada, it has resulted in the shutdown of hundreds of news organizations, and the hollowing-out of many of our major news institutions.

 

But importantly, this is a tragedy without a villain. It is normal for technologies to evolve and open up new capabilities, for innovation to happen as a result, players to compete, and winners and losers to emerge. That's how markets work, and it's not usually deserving of intervention by the federal government.

 

What's different about the collapse of the news industry, though, is that it's happened to the news industry, and journalism is correctly understood as essential to the functioning of democracy. Journalism is a public good and when it is performing well it strengthens the societies in which it operates.

 

Maybe that sounds reasonable. We need journalism, and if the market isn't going to provide it, we need to find some way to keep it going. But the buggy whip in my analogy isn't the news. The buggy whip is advertising dollars flowing into the news industry. And that's where the government is making its mistake. To intervene to support good journalism makes perfect sense, but to intervene to try to revive a now-long-dead business model does not. It's not an appropriate role for public policy and it shouldn't happen.
Sue Gardner

The Link Tax Issue

Bill C-18 essentially monetized links to news for just Google and Facebook. While social media is dependent upon content, news media plays a very small portion of that content.

Bill C-18 requires two companies (including Google) to pay for simply showing links to Canadian news publications, something that everyone else does for free.

 

The unprecedented decision to put a price on links (a so-called "link tax") breaks the way the web and search engines work, and exposes us to uncapped financial liability simply for facilitating access to news from Canadian publications.
Google blog

C-18 Threatens a Free and Open Internet

The Internet is a wonderful source of freely available (but not necessarily free) information primarily because there is no cost to link to content elsewhere. Social media provides the opportunity for Canadians to comment on the news — discussion that is an important component to a functioning democracy. These links also provide the ability to credit the source for quotations or other statements, much like the practice of citations at the end of an essay or other publication.

Hyperlinks thus share the same relationship with the content to which they refer as do references.

 

Both communicate that something exists, but do not, by themselves, communicate its content. And they both require some act on the part of a third party before he or she gains access to the content.

 

The fact that access to that content is far easier with hyperlinks than with footnotes does not change the reality that a hyperlink, by itself, is content-neutral — it expresses no opinion, nor does it have any control over, the content to which it refers.
Supreme Court of Canada

News Organizations Post Links on Social Media

The supporters of link taxes say that Google, Facebook and others benefit from these links. Maybe so, but the news broadcaster benefits from the free advertising via those same links.

The stated premise of C-18 is that by making links to news material available on their sites, platforms are taking value from publishers, and so they need to be forced to compensate publishers for that value to "enhance fairness" in the Canadian digital news marketplace.

 

But that premise makes no sense. We know that because news publishers have always been able to opt out of appearing in Google search results, and they don't.

 

In fact they do the opposite: they vigorously compete to maximize their presences on Google and on Facebook. News publishers want to appear on those platforms, because that's where people are finding news.

 

When someone sees a story on Google or Facebook, and clicks on it or shares it, that brings traffic to the publisher's site, increasing its reach and its revenue. Being on Facebook and Google helps publishers. If it didn't, they would just opt out.
Sue Gardner

Link Taxes Failed Elsewhere

These policies have been tried and have failed elsewhere. The Canadian market is too small to control an increasingly diverse and internationally sourced content. Unlike Australia, we share a border with the country with the world's largest concentration of social media, television and movie conglomerates.

Had Bill C-18 succeeded in its stated goals, Canadian media giants Bell, Rogers and Telus would have been the primary beneficiaries rather than the small local news organizations that the government insisted it would save. Any new revenue would come at the expense of small Canadian creators like those reaching international audiences on platforms like YouTube and TikToc.

What About Local News?

We cannot fix the problem by propping up older systems whose funding model quit working when our options for information extended beyond the local newspaper.

Over the past five years, 106 local news outlets opened. While closures were majority print newspapers owned by large newspaper chains, the vast majority of the outlets that launched are digital and independently-owned.

 

Bill C-18, as currently structured, threatens these burgeoning operations.
The Globe and Mail 2022

Newspapers downsized their newsrooms and began to use Canada Press (CP) for news snippets rather than delving into issues that TV newscasts couldn't cover in depth. To survive, local newspapers need focus on what they do best — cover local news and events.

The print edition is all but finished because the cost of production and delivery can no longer be funded by display advertising that has already moved to TV and the Internet because that's where the audiences are. There are already local mini online publications that focus on neighbourhoods such as the Oak Bay Local.

Not Everything is Bad

A preliminary review of the bill would not be complete without referencing one positive, namely a prohibition on discrimination, preference and disadvantage. Section 51 states:

 

In relation to news content that is produced primarily for the Canadian news marketplace by a news outlet operated by an eligible news business and that is made available by a digital news intermediary, the operator of the intermediary is prohibited from acting in any way that (a) unjustly discriminates against the business; (b) gives undue or unreasonable preference to any individual or entity, including itself; or (c) subjects the business to an undue or unreasonable disadvantage.
That is an excellent starting point for addressing the actual concerns of the platforms and news media.
Michael Geist

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CanCon

When cable TV emerged in the 1990s, there were only so many channels and so many hours in the day available for scheduled programming.

Canadian content rules (CanCon) were put in place to ensure that Canadian TV wasn't overwhelmed with cheaper U.S. productions.

Bill C-11 imposes the twisted CanCon rules (which are based upon CAVCO CPTC certification) onto the Internet

The only beneficiaries are the big Canadian media companies and their overpriced cable packages.

Can You Identify CanCon?

The point of CanCon is to promote Canadian stories — but what stories are up to snuff, according to the government?

Your favourite movies and TV shows might not meet the official CanCon standards to be considered Canadian productions.

Take the quiz to find out if you can identify what qualifies as CanCon.

Find out which films and TV shows are certified “Canadian”?
Take the quiz!

CanCon — Not What You Think

This strict points system is choosy about which parts of a production count towards “Canadianness.”

The result? Content we'd all recognize as quintessentially Canadian slipping through the cracks.

Quality Not a Consideration

Unfortunately program quality was never part of the criteria. Schitt's Creek is one of the few exceptions. Instead, CanCon rules recognized documentaries on the American Civil War and Ghandi, but not a program based upon The Handmaid's Tale by Canadian author Margaret Atwood.

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Updated: April 8, 2026